Down Quark

Second-lightest quark, forming nucleons alongside up quarks.

Core Principles & Analysis

• Carries an electric charge of −1/3 e.
• Its slightly greater mass makes the neutron heavier than the proton.
• Never observed in isolation due to color confinement.

Specifications & Metrics

• MASS: 4.7 MeV/c²
• SPIN: 1/2
• SYMBOL: d