Quantum Hall Effect

Quantum mechanical version of the Hall effect observed in two-dimensional electron systems.

Core Principles & Analysis

• Discovered by Klaus von Klitzing in 1980, earning him the 1985 Nobel Prize in Physics.
• Hall resistance is quantized in exact integer steps of h/e² ≈ 25,812.8 ohms.
• The fractional quantum Hall effect, found in 1982, revealed quasiparticles carrying fractional charge.

Specifications & Metrics

• SYMBOL: R_H=h/ie²