Oral ATP does not enter cells intact — rapidly dephosphorylated in the gut and circulation to ADP → AMP → adenosine → inosine. Proposed mechanism for ergogenic effects is extracellular ATP signalling at P2X/P2Y purinergic receptors on vascular and immune cells, increasing blood flow and reducing fatigue. Human RCTs show modest power-output improvements.
Dosing Guidelines
PO: Typical 400 mg (Range: 200–800 mg)
Target Organ Systems
immune-hematologic
Interactions
Adenosine (synergistic): Adenosine is the terminal dephosphorylation product — extracellular signalling convergence.
AMP (synergistic): Supplemental adenine nucleotides — ATP degrades rapidly to ADP and AMP in circulation.