Werner Heisenberg

Founded matrix mechanics and formulated the uncertainty principle at the heart of quantum theory.

Core Principles & Analysis

• Created matrix mechanics in 1925, the first complete formulation of quantum mechanics.
• His 1927 uncertainty principle bounds how precisely position and momentum can be known together.
• Won the 1932 Nobel Prize in Physics for the creation of quantum mechanics.

Specifications & Metrics

• ERA: 1901 – 1976
• NOBEL PRIZE: Physics, 1932