Law of Universal Gravitation

Gravitational force between two masses is proportional to mass product over distance squared.

Core Principles & Analysis

• Published in the Principia in 1687, unifying terrestrial and celestial mechanics.
• The gravitational constant $G$ was first determined from Cavendish's 1798 torsion balance data.
• Enabled the 1846 discovery of Neptune from irregularities in the orbit of Uranus.

Specifications & Metrics

• SYMBOL: F=G(m1m2/r²)