Ideal Gas Law

Single equation of state uniting the gas laws of Boyle, Charles, and Avogadro for dilute gases.

Core Principles & Analysis

• Clapeyron combined the separate gas laws into one equation in 1834.
• Kinetic theory derives it from molecular collisions, identifying temperature with mean kinetic energy.
• It fails near condensation; van der Waals’ 1873 corrections for molecular size and attraction earned a Nobel Prize.

Specifications & Metrics

• SYMBOL: PV = nRT

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