Category: ketone
Aliases: Ketone-IQ precursor, R,S-BD-BHB ester, racemic BD ester
Racemic (R,S) 1,3-butanediol esterified with β-hydroxybutyrate. Esterase hydrolysis in the gut and liver liberates free BHB (rapid ketone bump) plus 1,3-butanediol, which is then converted hepatically (via alcohol + aldehyde dehydrogenase) to additional BHB — giving a two-stage rise over 30–120 min. Differs from Veech's pure R-BD-(R)-BHB mono-ester (deltaG): the R,S racemate delivers both R- and S-BHB; only R-BHB is metabolically active, but S-BHB circulates longer and may signal at HCAR2. Cheaper to manufacture and less bitter than the pure R,R ester, at the cost of ~half the metabolically-active yield per gram.