Umayyad Caliphate

The Damascus caliphate that carried Islam from the Atlantic to the Indus within a single century.

Core Principles & Analysis

• At its height it was the largest empire the world had yet seen, spanning Spain to Central Asia.
• Its westward push into Francia was checked at Tours in 732.
• The Abbasid revolution of 750 destroyed it — one branch escaped to rule from Córdoba.

Specifications & Metrics

• ERA: 661 – 750
• REGION: Middle East to Iberia