Battle of Tours

Charles Martel’s Frankish infantry halted the Umayyad advance from Iberia into the Frankish heartland.

Core Principles & Analysis

• Fought between Tours and Poitiers; Umayyad governor Abd al-Rahman al-Ghafiqi fell in the fighting.
• The victory cemented Charles "the Hammer" Martel, grandfather of Charlemagne, as Francia’s real power.
• Long framed as saving Christian Europe, its strategic weight is debated by modern historians.

Specifications & Metrics

• YEAR: 732