Ancient Egypt

Nile river civilization known for monumental pyramids, pharaohs, and hieroglyphs.

Core Principles & Analysis

• Unified around 3100 BC under Narmer, first pharaoh of Upper and Lower Egypt.
• Built the Great Pyramid of Giza for Khufu around 2560 BC.
• Ended as an independent state with Cleopatra's death and Roman annexation in 30 BC.

Specifications & Metrics

• ERA: 3100 BC – 30 BC
• REGION: North Africa