Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)

Layered identity verification requiring two or more independent credentials before granting access.

Core Principles & Analysis

• Combines knowledge, possession, and inherence factors such as passwords, hardware tokens, and biometrics.
• Microsoft research found MFA blocks more than 99 percent of automated account-takeover attempts.
• FIDO2 hardware security keys resist phishing by binding authentication to the legitimate site origin.