Monocrystalline Silicon (Czochralski)

Ultra-pure single crystal silicon wafer foundation for microprocessors.

Core Principles & Analysis

• Czochralski growth slowly pulls a rotating seed crystal from molten silicon at 1,414 °C, yielding single-crystal ingots up to 300 mm in diameter.
• Electronic-grade silicon is refined to at least 99.9999999% purity, often called 'nine nines'.
• Wafers are sliced along exact crystal planes; the (100) orientation is the standard for CMOS transistor fabrication.

Specifications & Metrics

• DENSITY: 2.33 g/cm³
• YIELD STRENGTH: 7000 MPa
• HARDNESS: 1000 HV