Norman

Medieval architecture with robust stone structures.

Overview

Norman architecture, using stone, features massive walls and rounded arches, prominent in 11th-12th century Europe.

Core Characteristics

• Robust stone walls.
• Rounded arches, vaults.
• Medieval prevalence.

Notable Examples

• Durham Cathedral (UK, 1093, Norman).
• Tower of London (UK, 1078, William the Conqueror).

Architectural Connections

• Medieval: Defensive focus.
• Religious: Cathedrals, castles.
• Romanesque Architecture: Core movement.

Influence and Legacy

Led by Norman craftsmen, it influences Gothic architecture.

Related Concepts & Techniques

Stone Masonry (technique), Fortification (theory), Arch (element), Gothic Architecture (movement)