A 2012 demonstration established a low-rate communications link using the NuMI beam line and the MINERvA detector at Fermilab.
The link achieved a decoded data rate of 0.1 bits/sec with a bit error rate of 1% over a distance of 1.035 km, including 240 m of earth.
Suggested uses include communication with submarines, secure communications, and interstellar communication; the results appeared in Modern Physics Letters A 27, 1250077.