Analysis

The mathematics of continuous change — limits, derivatives, integrals and infinite processes, built on a precise theory of the real numbers.

Core Principles & Analysis

• Calculus was given rigorous foundations in the 19th century by Cauchy, Weierstrass and Dedekind.
• Analysis splits into real, complex, functional and harmonic branches, each with its own toolkit.
• Epsilon-delta limits replaced appeals to intuition about infinitesimals after a century of dispute.