S-cones (short-wave)

Category

Vision

Function

Blue / yellow color channel

Quantity

~5–10% of all cones

Density

Lower than L/M; absent from the foveal pit

Distribution

Relatively more peripheral than L and M cones

Relative Deployment

Notes

Opsin peak ~440 nm. Coarser sampling; important for circadian and color-opponent pathways.

Interacting Systems & Components

• Photoreceptor (broader category)
• OPN1SW (photopigment gene)
• Nervous System (sensory signaling)