α₂-adrenergic receptor antagonist — blocks the pre-synaptic α₂ autoreceptor that normally brakes noradrenaline release → elevates sympathetic tone, noradrenaline, and lipolytic drive (particularly in subcutaneous adipose where α₂ density is high → the rationale for 'stubborn-fat' use). Also antagonises some 5-HT receptors at higher doses. Narrow safety window — supplements commonly contain higher-than-labelled concentrations.
Half-Life (t½)
PO: 0.6h
Dosing Guidelines
PO: Typical 6.67 mg (Range: 5–10 mg)
Target Organ Systems
nervous
Interactions
Caffeine (caution): Combined sympathetic stimulation — additive tachycardia/anxiety. Popular in pre-workout but higher cardiovascular risk.