Withanoside IV

Category: terpenoid

Aliases: Withanoside-IV

Pharmacological Mechanism

Glycosylated withanolide — aglycone is withanolide-A linked to a sugar moiety. The dominant glycowithanolide in standardized "glycoside-rich" ashwagandha extracts (Shoden). Preclinical models show neurite-outgrowth and anxiolytic activity (likely after gut/hepatic hydrolysis to free withanolide-A). The clinical effect rationale of glycoside-standardized extracts is sustained downstream aglycone exposure.

Dosing Guidelines

• PO: Typical 10 mg (Range: 1–50 mg)

Target Organ Systems

• nervous
• endocrine

Notes

Glycoside of withanolide-A; dominant glycowithanolide in Shoden-standardized extracts. PK not separately characterized in humans; effect likely transduced through aglycone after gut hydrolysis.

Pathways It Modulates

• BDNF / TrkB neurotrophic signaling (activator) — BDNF / TrkB (indirect, via aglycone after gut hydrolysis)

Chemical Identifiers

• PubChem CID: 71312551
• Formula: C40H62O15
• Molecular weight: 782.96 g/mol
• InChIKey: VUQQGHSDHGOYRH-IFUSOADVSA-N
• SMILES: CC1=C(C(=O)O[C@H](C1)[C@@H](C)[C@H]2CC[C@@H]3[C@@]2(CC[C@H]4[C@H]3CC=C5[C@@]4([C@H](C[C@@H](C5)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O7)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)C)C)CO