Topiramate

Category: pharmacological

Aliases: Topamax

Pharmacological Mechanism

Multi-target antiseizure — blocks Na+ + Ca²⁺ channels, enhances GABA-A, antagonizes AMPA / kainate, weak carbonic anhydrase inhibition. Migraine prophylaxis + weight-loss combination (Qsymia). Cognitive slowing, paresthesias, kidney stones (CA inhibition).

Half-Life (t½)

PO: 21h

Dosing Guidelines

• PO: Typical 100 mg (Range: 25–400 mg)

Target Organ Systems

• nervous
• renal

Pathways It Modulates

• Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor paresthesia (inhibitor) — CA II, IV, V, VI, VII
• Gabapentinoid α2δ-1 (inhibitor) — Na+ channels + GABA-A enhancer + AMPA + carbonic anhydrase
• Metabotropic glutamate receptors (inhibitor) — kainate + AMPA + Na⁺ channel — broad glutamate damping

Chemical Identifiers

• PubChem CID: 5284627
• Formula: C12H21NO8S
• Molecular weight: 339.36 g/mol
• InChIKey: KJADKKWYZYXHBB-XBWDGYHZSA-N
• SMILES: CC1(O[C@@H]2CO[C@@]3([C@H]([C@@H]2O1)OC(O3)(C)C)COS(=O)(=O)N)C

References

• PMID 10768298