Timolol (ophthalmic)

Category: pharmacological

Aliases: Timoptic

Pharmacological Mechanism

Non-selective β-adrenergic blocker — reduces aqueous humor production by ciliary epithelium → lowers intraocular pressure. Topical application has meaningful systemic absorption — cardiovascular + bronchoconstriction concerns in COPD/asthma + bradycardia.

Half-Life (t½)

TD: 4h

Dosing Guidelines

• TD: Typical 0.5 mg (Range: 0.25–0.5 mg)

Target Organ Systems

• respiratory
• integumentary

Pathways It Modulates

• Aqueous humor / IOP regulation (inhibitor) — β1 + β2 (ciliary body — reduces aqueous production)

Chemical Identifiers

• PubChem CID: 5281056
• Formula: C17H28N4O7S
• Molecular weight: 316.42 g/mol
• InChIKey: WLRMANUAADYWEA-NWASOUNVSA-N
• SMILES: CC(C)(C)NC[C@@H](COC1=NSN=C1N2CCOCC2)O.C(=C\C(=O)O)\C(=O)O