Category: adaptogen
Aliases: Rhodioloside, 2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ethyl β-D-glucoside
Tyrosol glucoside — the principal active adaptogen of Rhodiola rosea. Crosses BBB (brain-to-plasma AUC ~0.2 in rats). Mechanisms: PI3K/AKT activation, AMPK induction, Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response, NF-κB inhibition, and modest monoamine-oxidase inhibition contributing to the fast-onset antifatigue / antidepressant signal. Rat PK: Cmax ~6–12 µg/mL after 25 mg/kg oral at Tmax 0.5 h, t½ 1.5–2.5 h, absolute bioavailability 51–98% depending on dose (Fan 2020 review). Hepatic UGT-mediated glucuronidation dominant elimination route. No definitive human PK published.
PO: 1.2h