Propolis

Category: adaptogen

Aliases: Bee glue

Pharmacological Mechanism

Resinous bee-product mixture; CAPE (caffeic acid phenethyl ester) + galangin + pinocembrin as named actives. Antimicrobial + anti-inflammatory in topical / oral applications (cold sores, oral aphthous ulcers, mild burns). Bee-allergen cross-reactivity.

Half-Life (t½)

PO: 5h

Dosing Guidelines

Target Organ Systems