Category: peptide
Aliases: Mitochondrial ORF of the 12S rRNA type-c
Encoded within the mitochondrial 12S rRNA open reading frame — one of the first 'mitochondrial-derived peptides' characterised (Lee 2015). Translocates to nucleus under metabolic stress; activates AMPK → modulates glycolytic + fatty-acid oxidation pathways. Declines with age. Exogenous administration improves insulin sensitivity and exercise capacity in rodent models.