Liraglutide

Category: peptide

Aliases: Victoza, Saxenda

Pharmacological Mechanism

GLP-1(7-37) analog with Arg-34 and palmitoyl (C-16) on Lys-26 via γGlu linker → albumin binding → 13 h t½ (vs. native GLP-1's 1.5 min). Daily SC dosing. Predated semaglutide; replaced for most indications by weekly agents.

Half-Life (t½)

SC: 13h

Dosing Guidelines

• SC: Typical 1.8 mg (Range: 1.8–1.8 mg)

Target Organ Systems

• endocrine

Pathways It Modulates

• AMPK energy sensor (activator) — AMPK (GLP-1R → indirect)
• Brown adipose thermogenesis (activator) — GLP-1R — indirect
• cAMP / PKA second-messenger signaling (activator) — GLP-1R (Gs)
• FXR / TGR5 bile-acid receptor signaling (activator) — TGR5 indirect (GLP-1)
• GLP-1 central appetite + reward-cue dampening (activator) — GLP-1 receptor
• Insulin signaling + glucose homeostasis (activator) — GLP-1R
• NAFLD / MASH (activator) — GLP-1R

Chemical Identifiers

• PubChem CID: 16134956
• Formula: C172H265N43O51
• Molecular weight: 3751.2 g/mol
• InChIKey: YSDQQAXHVYUZIW-QCIJIYAXSA-N
• SMILES: CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)NCCCC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC2=CNC3=CC=CC=C32)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)NCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC5=CC=CC=C5)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC6=CN=CN6)N)C(=O)O

References

• PMID 31031702