Ipratropium

Category: pharmacological

Aliases: Atrovent

Pharmacological Mechanism

Quaternary ammonium muscarinic antagonist — bronchodilation via M3 blockade in airway smooth muscle. Quaternary structure limits systemic absorption from inhaled route. Combined with salbutamol (Combivent) for acute COPD.

Half-Life (t½)

INH: 2h

Dosing Guidelines

• INH: Typical 0.04 mg (Range: 0.02–0.04 mg)

Target Organ Systems

• respiratory

Pathways It Modulates

• Acetylcholine synthesis + degradation (inhibitor) — muscarinic M3 (bronchial)
• Airway smooth-muscle tone (inhibitor) — M3 muscarinic receptor → ↓bronchoconstriction (SAMA)
• Asthma (inhibitor) — M3 muscarinic (SAMA; adjunct + COPD)
• Muscarinic ACh receptor subtypes (inhibitor) — M3-preferring (SAMA — inhaled COPD)

Chemical Identifiers

• PubChem CID: 657309
• Formula: C20H30NO3+
• Molecular weight: 332.46 g/mol
• InChIKey: OEXHQOGQTVQTAT-BZQJJPTISA-N
• SMILES: CC(C)[N+]1([C@@H]2CC[C@H]1CC(C2)OC(=O)C(CO)C3=CC=CC=C3)C

References

• PMID 16847442