Hydrochlorothiazide

Category: pharmacological

Aliases: HCTZ

Pharmacological Mechanism

Thiazide diuretic — inhibits Na+/Cl- cotransporter (NCC) in distal convoluted tubule of the kidney. First-line antihypertensive; mild Ca²⁺ retention reduces osteoporotic fractures vs loop diuretics. Hypokalemia + hyponatremia + hyperuricemia common.

Half-Life (t½)

PO: 8h

Dosing Guidelines

• PO: Typical 25 mg (Range: 12.5–50 mg)

Target Organ Systems

• cardiovascular
• renal

Pathways It Modulates

• Renal tubular transport (inhibitor) — NCC (Na+/Cl- cotransporter, DCT)

Chemical Identifiers

• PubChem CID: 3639
• Formula: C7H8ClN3O4S2
• Molecular weight: 297.74 g/mol
• InChIKey: JZUFKLXOESDKRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
• SMILES: C1NC2=CC(=C(C=C2S(=O)(=O)N1)S(=O)(=O)N)Cl