Glipizide

Category: pharmacological

Aliases: Glucotrol

Pharmacological Mechanism

Second-generation sulfonylurea — closes pancreatic β-cell K-ATP channels → depolarization → Ca²⁺ influx → insulin release. Hypoglycemia risk + weight gain. CYP2C9 substrate; renal-safe relative to glyburide.

Half-Life (t½)

PO: 4h

Dosing Guidelines

• PO: Typical 10 mg (Range: 2.5–20 mg)

Target Organ Systems

• endocrine
• digestive
• renal

Pathways It Modulates

• Insulin signaling + glucose homeostasis (activator) — KATP channel block (SUR1)

Chemical Identifiers

• PubChem CID: 3478
• Formula: C21H27N5O4S
• Molecular weight: 445.54 g/mol
• InChIKey: ZJJXGWJIGJFDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
• SMILES: CC1=CN=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC2=CC=C(C=C2)S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NC3CCCCC3

References

• PMID 8848822