Classical Antiquity

The Greco-Roman centuries whose philosophy, politics, and art became Europe’s permanent reference point.

Core Principles & Analysis

• Conventionally bookended by Homer’s epics and the fall of the Western Roman Empire.
• Athens’ fifth-century BC democracy became the West’s founding political experiment.
• Roman law and the Latin language remained Europe’s substrate for over a millennium after Rome fell.

Specifications & Metrics

• ERA: 8th c. BC – 476 AD