Corrosion

Electrochemical decay of refined metals back toward their native oxides, tirelessly undoing metallurgy.

Core Principles & Analysis

• Rusting needs both oxygen and water: microscopic electrochemical cells form on the metal surface.
• Corrosion’s cost is estimated at around three percent of global GDP every year.
• Defenses include sacrificial zinc coatings, stainless steel’s chromium oxide skin, and cathodic protection.

Specifications & Metrics

• GENERAL FORM: 4Fe + 3O₂ + 6H₂O → 4Fe(OH)₃