Category: mineral
Aliases: Cu, Copper bisglycinate, Cupric oxide
Cycles between Cu¹⁺ and Cu²⁺ as the redox cofactor for cytochrome c oxidase (ETC Complex IV), CuZn-SOD, lysyl oxidase (collagen/elastin cross-linking), dopamine β-hydroxylase, tyrosinase, and ceruloplasmin (ferroxidase). Absorbed primarily via CTR1 in the small intestine; efflux regulated by ATP7A (intestine) and ATP7B (liver) — the latter mutated in Wilson disease.