Category: biosynthesis
Cytosolic synthesis of palmitate (C16:0) from acetyl-CoA — opposite direction of mitochondrial β-oxidation. Acetyl-CoA is exported from mitochondria via citrate shuttle. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) — RATE-LIMITING — produces malonyl-CoA (biotin-dependent; same step inhibits CPT1, preventing simultaneous synthesis + oxidation). Fatty acid synthase (FAS) is a single megaenzyme that sequentially condenses acetyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA into palmitate using NADPH (from PPP). Insulin upregulates ACC + FAS (postprandial lipogenesis). Lipogenesis inhibitors investigated for cancer (TVB-2640) and NASH.