Kidneys

Regulate fluid and electrolyte balance, filter waste products from the blood, and produce hormones involved in blood pressure regulation and red blood cell production.

Key Functions:

• Filter blood to remove metabolic waste products (e.g., urea, creatinine).
• Regulate water and electrolyte balance.
• Produce hormones like erythropoietin, renin, and calcitriol.
• Maintain acid-base balance.
• Involved in gluconeogenesis during prolonged fasting.

Interacting Systems & Components:

• Blood (filters)
• Renin (produced by)
• Erythropoietin (produced by)
• Vitamin D (activates)
• Urinary System (central organ of)
• Acid-Base Balance (maintains)