Industrial architecture with functional, utilitarian designs.

Overview

Industrial architecture, using steel, features exposed structures and large-scale functionality, prominent in 19th-20th century Europe and North America.

Core Characteristics

• Exposed steel, brick, glass.
• Large-scale, functional forms.
• Modern prevalence.

Notable Examples

• Crystal Palace (UK, 1851, Joseph Paxton).
• Tate Modern (UK, 1900, Industrial conversion).

Architectural Connections

• Modern: Functional focus.
• Industrial: Factories, warehouses.
• Modernism: Core movement.

Influence and Legacy

Led by Joseph Paxton, it shapes urban industrial landscapes.

Related Concepts & Techniques

Steel Construction (technique), Functionalism (theory), Structure (element), Constructivism (movement)