{"snapshot":"44e259f029212318da5739eca7156c9e8cbffc25e5063306c2e960af9795426b","match_mode":"all_terms","results":[{"id":"e_5189388d54cb7637f6618812","path":"/human/hormone/cortisol","name":"Cortisol","domain":"human","passage_id":"e_5189388d54cb7637f6618812:p00004","heading":"Interactions & Feedback","rank":-12.269267805112747,"url":"https://teahann.com/human/hormone/cortisol","excerpt":"Antagonizes insulin (steroid diabetes in excess) and growth hormone's anabolic action; permissive to catecholamines.\n\nSuppresses the reproductive axis — stress-induced amenorrhea is cortisol quieting GnRH.\n\nWeak mineralocorticoid activity at the mineralocorticoid receptor, where 11β-HSD2 protects by deactivating cortisol in the kidney.\n\nAldosterone handles salt; cortisol handles stress — the adrenal cortex's division of labor (see the cortisol compound entry).","source_ids":["s_3b40bb58d9fdcd1a69ca7bc3","s_dfc1d70d4d1d520157dcc5a6","s_1bf6f54a12d48a03a74eb33e"]},{"id":"e_0f9b6fba0cfc517adf8622e9","path":"/human/compound/cortisol","name":"Cortisol","domain":"human","passage_id":"e_0f9b6fba0cfc517adf8622e9:p00007","heading":"Target Organ Systems","rank":-12.258400622244327,"url":"https://teahann.com/human/compound/cortisol","excerpt":"nervous\nCardiovascular System\nEndocrine System\nImmune & Hematologic","source_ids":["s_3b40bb58d9fdcd1a69ca7bc3","s_6a4b0ba46a159e15d5b6304f","s_fabca47588d894c80191959d","s_ffa055f74897147110b300c7"]},{"id":"e_5189388d54cb7637f6618812","path":"/human/hormone/cortisol","name":"Cortisol","domain":"human","passage_id":"e_5189388d54cb7637f6618812:p00002","heading":"Mechanism of Action","rank":-12.13883028749176,"url":"https://teahann.com/human/hormone/cortisol","excerpt":"Cortisol diffuses into cells and binds the glucocorticoid receptor, which translocates to DNA and toggles thousands of genes — gluconeogenic enzymes up, inflammatory cytokines down (partly by inhibiting NF-κB). Full transcriptional effects take hours; fast membrane effects take minutes. The pathway map is glucocorticoid receptor signaling.","source_ids":["s_3b40bb58d9fdcd1a69ca7bc3","s_dfc1d70d4d1d520157dcc5a6","s_1bf6f54a12d48a03a74eb33e"]},{"id":"e_0f9b6fba0cfc517adf8622e9","path":"/human/compound/cortisol","name":"Cortisol","domain":"human","passage_id":"e_0f9b6fba0cfc517adf8622e9:p00008","heading":"Interactions","rank":-12.119349129819206,"url":"https://teahann.com/human/compound/cortisol","excerpt":"Ashwagandha (caution): Ashwagandha modulates HPA — can lower diurnal cortisol in healthy adults. Not a reason to co-dose; adrenal-insufficient patients should avoid.","source_ids":["s_3b40bb58d9fdcd1a69ca7bc3","s_6a4b0ba46a159e15d5b6304f","s_fabca47588d894c80191959d","s_ffa055f74897147110b300c7"]},{"id":"e_0f9b6fba0cfc517adf8622e9","path":"/human/compound/cortisol","name":"Cortisol","domain":"human","passage_id":"e_0f9b6fba0cfc517adf8622e9:p00009","heading":"Chemical Structure & Identifiers","rank":-11.702744590677874,"url":"https://teahann.com/human/compound/cortisol","excerpt":"InChIKey: JYGXADMDTFJGBT-VWUMJDOOSA-N\nSMILES: C[C@]12CCC(=O)C=C1CC[C@@H]3[C@@H]2[C@H](C[C@]4([C@H]3CC[C@@]4(C(=O)CO)O)C)O","source_ids":["s_3b40bb58d9fdcd1a69ca7bc3","s_6a4b0ba46a159e15d5b6304f","s_fabca47588d894c80191959d","s_ffa055f74897147110b300c7"]},{"id":"e_0f9b6fba0cfc517adf8622e9","path":"/human/compound/cortisol","name":"Cortisol","domain":"human","passage_id":"e_0f9b6fba0cfc517adf8622e9:p00001","heading":"Pharmacological Mechanism","rank":-11.687926205113033,"url":"https://teahann.com/human/compound/cortisol","excerpt":"Principal human glucocorticoid. Synthesised from cholesterol in the zona fasciculata under HPA-axis control (CRH → ACTH → cortisol). Binds GR → nuclear translocation → transactivation (anti-inflammatory genes) and transrepression (NF-κB, AP-1). Diurnal peak 06:00–08:00, nadir 00:00. Negative feedback at hypothalamus + pituitary.","source_ids":["s_3b40bb58d9fdcd1a69ca7bc3","s_6a4b0ba46a159e15d5b6304f","s_fabca47588d894c80191959d","s_ffa055f74897147110b300c7"]},{"id":"e_0f9b6fba0cfc517adf8622e9","path":"/human/compound/cortisol","name":"Cortisol","domain":"human","passage_id":"e_0f9b6fba0cfc517adf8622e9:p00003","heading":"Dosing Guidelines","rank":-11.662081074791182,"url":"https://teahann.com/human/compound/cortisol","excerpt":"Oral (PO): Typical 20 mg (Range: 15–30 mg)\nIntravenous (IV): Typical 20 mg (Range: 15–30 mg)\nIntramuscular (IM): Typical 20 mg (Range: 15–30 mg)\nTransdermal (TD): Typical 20 mg (Range: 15–30 mg)","source_ids":["s_3b40bb58d9fdcd1a69ca7bc3","s_6a4b0ba46a159e15d5b6304f","s_fabca47588d894c80191959d","s_ffa055f74897147110b300c7"]},{"id":"e_0f9b6fba0cfc517adf8622e9","path":"/human/compound/cortisol","name":"Cortisol","domain":"human","passage_id":"e_0f9b6fba0cfc517adf8622e9:p00006","heading":"Pathways It Modulates","rank":-11.662081074791182,"url":"https://teahann.com/human/compound/cortisol","excerpt":"Circadian clock (activator) — endogenous GR ligand; CAR-rhythm peak ~30 min after waking\nHypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (substrate) — axis endpoint; identical to endogenous\nMineralocorticoid receptor (activator) — MR (endogenous; 11β-HSD2 inactivates to cortisone in kidney)","source_ids":["s_3b40bb58d9fdcd1a69ca7bc3","s_6a4b0ba46a159e15d5b6304f","s_fabca47588d894c80191959d","s_ffa055f74897147110b300c7"]},{"id":"e_0f9b6fba0cfc517adf8622e9","path":"/human/compound/cortisol","name":"Cortisol","domain":"human","passage_id":"e_0f9b6fba0cfc517adf8622e9:p00005","heading":"Receptor Binding & Occupancy","rank":-11.561647955942444,"url":"https://teahann.com/human/compound/cortisol","excerpt":"Glucocorticoid receptor (glucocorticoid) — agonist · EC₅₀: 0.008119 mg/L (~22.4 nM) · Emax: 100% · Peak Occupancy @ Cmax: ~97.9% [PMID 8282004]\nMineralocorticoid receptor (mineralocorticoid) — agonist · EC₅₀: 0.0000484 mg/L (~134 pM) · Emax: 100% · Peak Occupancy @ Cmax: ~100% [PMID 8282004]","source_ids":["s_3b40bb58d9fdcd1a69ca7bc3","s_6a4b0ba46a159e15d5b6304f","s_fabca47588d894c80191959d","s_ffa055f74897147110b300c7"]},{"id":"e_5189388d54cb7637f6618812","path":"/human/hormone/cortisol","name":"Cortisol","domain":"human","passage_id":"e_5189388d54cb7637f6618812:p00003","heading":"Physiological Effects","rank":-11.52735478243494,"url":"https://teahann.com/human/hormone/cortisol","excerpt":"Metabolism: hepatic gluconeogenesis up, muscle protein breakdown up (amino-acid substrate), adipose lipolysis up — the \"glucose sparer\" that keeps fuel for brain and heart in fasting and stress.\n\nAnti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive: the basis of steroid drugs from prednisone to dexamethasone.\n\nPermissive: maintains vascular adrenergic responsiveness and endothelial integrity — without cortisol, blood pressure collapses.\n\nBrain: sharpens alertness and consolidates emotional memory; chronically, impairs hippocampus and sleep architecture.\n\nBone and connective tissue: reduces osteoblast activ","source_ids":["s_3b40bb58d9fdcd1a69ca7bc3","s_dfc1d70d4d1d520157dcc5a6","s_1bf6f54a12d48a03a74eb33e"]}],"has_more":true,"next_offset":10}