Papsukkal

Anunnaki deity, messenger god serving the pantheon, associated with divine communication.

Core Themes

• Messenger and divine intermediary.
• Linked to Human-Divine Interaction.

Related Concepts & Sources

Isimud (similar role), Pantheon (context), Assembly of the Gods (role)

Scholarly entry: Papsukkal (god), Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses (Oracc, University of Pennsylvania).

Attestations in Cuneiform Corpora

• The Corpus of Ancient Mesopotamian Scholarship
• Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (search)

References

• Borger, R. 1973. "Tonmännchen und Puppen." Bibliotheca Orientalis 30 : 176-185.
• Braun-Holzinger, E. 1999. "Apotropaic figures at Mesopotamian temples in the third and second millennia." In Mesopotamian Magic: Textual, Historical and Interpretative Perspectives , ed. T. Abusch and K. Van Der Toorn, pp. 49-72. Gröningen: Styx.
• Ellis, R. 1967. "'Papsukkal' figures beneath the daises of Mesopotamian temples. Revue d'Assyriologie 61 : 51-61.
• Van Buren, E.D. 1947. "The guardians of the gate in the Akkadian period." Orientalia 16 : 312-332.
• Wiggermann, F.A.M. 1985-86. "The staff of Ninšubura: studies in Babylonian demonology, II." Jaarbericht van het Vooraziatsch-Egyptisch Genootschap Ex Oriente Lux 29 : 3-34.
• Wiggermann, F.A.M. 1988. "An unrecognized synonym of Sumerian sukkal , 'vizier'." Zeitschrift für Assyriologie 78 : 225-240.
• Wiggermann, F.A.M. 1998-2001f "Ninšubur." Reallexikon der Assyriologie und vorderasiatischen Archäologie 9 , pp. 490-500. Berlin: de Gruyter.